Land models
General description: A terrestrial carbon model encapsulates natural and human induced processes through which land ecosystems absorb and emit CO2, and carbon is stored by plants and soils. There is a large variety of such models, going from simple empirical to highly complex models describing water, energy and sometimes nutrients cycling, as well as carbon dynamics. The terrestrial carbon model results shown here are so called Dynamic Global Vegetation Models that were used in the TRENDY project (Trends in net land atmosphere carbon exchanges) coordinated by Stephen Sitch (S.A.Sitch@exeter.ac.uk). The model simulations that are reported here were performed with observed cropland and pasture distributions, with changing climate, and with changing atmospheric CO2 concentrations (S2 scenario). Climate forcing corresponds to a merge between CRU data and NCEPv4 reanalysis, over the period 1901-2010. These data should be considered provisional, and subject to change.
For data access and data policy please refer to (http://dgvm.ceh.ac.uk/node/9).
The use of data is conditional on citing the original data sources. Full details on how to cite the data are given for each land model in the references below and in the corresponding web links. The Global Carbon Project facilitates access to data to encourage its use and promote a good understanding of the carbon cycle. Respecting original data sources is key to help secure the support to enhance, maintain and update valuable data.
LPJ:
Contacts: Benjamin Poulter (Benjamin.poulter@lsce.ipsl.fr)
Description: LPJ computes the energy, water and carbon balances at daily time step; see reference.
References:
Sitch S, et al. : Evaluation of ecosystem dynamics, plant geography and terrestrial carbon cycling in the LPJ dynamic vegetation model. Global Change Biology, 9, 161-185, 2003.
Data access: contact Benjamin Poulter
LPJ_GUESS:
Contacts: Anders Ahlström (anders.ahlstrom@nateko.lu.se) ; Benjamin Smith (ben.smith.lu@gmail.com)
Description: LPJ_GUESS computes the energy, water and carbon balances at daily time step; see reference.
References:
Smith, B, Prentice IC Sykes, MT : Representation of vegetation dynamics in the modelling of terrestrial ecosystems: comparing two contrasting approaches within European climate space, Global Ecology and Biogeography, 10(6), 621-637, 2001.
Data access: contact Anders Ahlström
ORCHIDEE:
Contacts: Nicolas Viovy (Nicolas.viovy@lsce.ipsl.fr)
Description: ORCHIDEE computes the energy, water and carbon balances at half-hourly time step; see reference.
References:
Krinner G, et al. :A dynamic global vegetation model for studies of the coupled atmosphere-biosphere system. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 19, GB1015, doi:10.1029/2003GB002199, 2005.
Data access: contact Nicolas Viovy
CLM4CN:
Contacts: Sam Lewis (slevis@ucar.edu)
Description: CLM4CN computes the energy, water, carbon and nitrogen balances at half-hourly time step; see references.
References:
Bonan GB and Levis S : Quantifying carbon-nitrogen feedbacks in the Community Land Model (CLM4). Geophysical Research Letters, 37, L07401, doi:10.1029/2010GL042430, 2010.
Lawrence DM, et al. : Parameterization improvements and functional and structural advances in version 4 of the Community Land Model. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 3, doi: 10.1029/2011MS000045, 2011.
Data access: contact Sam Lewis
TRIFFID:
Contacts: Stephen Sitch (S.A.Sitch@exeter.ac.uk)
Description: TRIFFID computes the energy, water and carbon balances at half-hourly time step; see references.
References:
Cox PM : Description of the “TRIFFID” dynamic global vegetation model. Hadley Centre Technical Note 24, 2001.
Clark, D.B., et al. The Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES), Model description, Part 2: Carbon fluxes and vegetation, Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., 4, 641- 688, 2011.
Data access: contact Stephen Sitch
VEGAS:
Contacts: Ning Zen (zeng@umd.edu) ; Fang Zhao (fzhao@atmos.umd.edu)
Description: VEGAS computes the energy, water and carbon cycles at daily time step; see reference.
References:
Zeng, N. : Glacial-interglacial atmospheric CO2 change - The glacial burial hypothesis, Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 20(5), 677-673, 2003.
Zeng, N., A. Mariotti, and P. Wetzel : Terrestrial mechanisms of interannual CO2 variability, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2005.
Data access: contact Ning Zen and access from http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~cabo/
SDGVM:
Contacts: Mark Lomas (m.r.lomas@sheffield.ac.uk)
Description: SDGVM computes the energy, water and carbon cycles at daily time step; see reference.
References:
Woodward FI, Smith TM, Emanuel WR : A global land primary productivity and phytogeography model. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 9, 471-490, 1995.
Woodward FI, Lomas MR : Vegetation-dynamics- simulating responses to climate change. Biological Reviews, 79, 643-670, 2004.
Data access: contact Mark Lomas
Hyland:
Contacts: Peter Levy (plevy@ceh.ac.uk)
Description: Hyland computes the energy, water and carbon cycles at daily time step; see reference.
References:
Levy, P. E., Cannell, M. G. R., & Friend, A. D. (2004). Modelling the impact of future changes in climate, CO2 concentration and land use on natural ecosystems and the terrestrial carbon sink. Global Environmental Change, 14(1), 21-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2003.10.005
Levy, P. E., Friend, A. D., White, A., & Cannell, M. G. R. (2004). The influence of land use change on global-scale fluxes of carbon from terrestrial ecosystems. Climatic Change, 67(2-3), 185-209.
Data access: contact Peter Levy
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